Hello, I'm Choco-Flavored Dobby, who's going to be post serially [ZFC Set Theory] series starting with this post! Set theory is a branch of mathematical logic that studies sets. The research subject of set theory is not only 'sets' of course, but it is called set theory because the sets are quite a major research subject. In the case of set theory, it is classified according to which axiom system was used. It is because the scope and content of the theory depend on which axioms are accepted. This series will cover ZFC set theory. In general, 'set theory' often refers to the ZFC set theory, and quite a few fields develop the theory based on the ZFC set theory. In addition, this series will be written on the premise that the reader is somewhat familiar with logic symbols.
Now, let me explain about axioms of ZFC set theory. ZFC axioms consist of a total of 7 axioms and 2 axiom schemas, and each axiom and axiom schema are as follows.
1. Axiom of Extensionality
To explain the above expression in words, it is as follows:
Two sets are equal if and only if all elements of them are equal.
Axiom of extensionality is an axiom which provides a criterion for determining whether two sets are equal. This is one of the very important axioms because it is very important to judge what 'same' is to study an object.
2. Axiom of Regularity
To explain the above expression in words, it is as follows:
A nonempty set has an element which is disjoint set of the set.
i.e., every nonempty set
Axiom of regularity can be difficult to understand why this axiom exists when looking at the sentence alone. However, axiom of regularity and axiom of pairing implies 'There is no set an element of itself.' In other words, the existence of the axiom of regularity is significant in that it can prevent situations such as Russell's paradox in advance.
3. Axiom Schema of Specification ( also called Axiom Schema of Separation )
To explain the above expression in words, it is as follows:
For any sets, there exists a subset of .
Thanks to axiom schema of specification, we can take a subset of the given set. The reason why this is axiom schema of specification rather than axiom of specification is that the first-order logic cannot apply quantifiers to property
4. Axiom of Pairing
To explain the above expression in words, it is as follows:
For any two sets, there exists a set containing the two sets as elements.
Using axiom of pairing and axiom schema of specification, we can show that
5. Axiom of Union
To explain the above expression in words, it is as follows:
For any sets of sets, there is a set which contains the elements of the elements of as elements.
With axiom of union and axiom schema of specification, we can prove that the union of sets is also a set, easily.
6. 치환 공리꼴 Axiom Schema of Replacement
6. Axiom Schema of Replacement
To explain the above expression in words, it is as follows:
If there uniquely existswhich satifies the property for each element of a set , then there exists a set which contains such 's as elements.
That is, if there is a function whose domain is a certain set, then its image exists and is also a set.
7. 무한 공리 Axiom of Infinity
7. Axiom of Infinity
To explain the above expression in words, it is as follows:
There exists a nonempty setsuch that is contained in for any elements of .
That means that there is an infinite set, to put it simply. At this point,
With only the 4 axioms and 2 axiom schemas explained above, we cannot prove the existence of set. However, axiom of infinity guarantees the existence of set, and thus, axiom of infinity is one of the most important axioms.
8. Axiom of Power
To explain the above expression in words, it is as follows:
When a setis given, it is guaranteed that the existence of a set containing the subsets of as elements.
We can simply obtain the existence of the power set of given set with axiom of power and axiom schema of specification.
9. Axiom of Choice
To explain the above expression in words, it is as follows:
For any setswhose elements are not empty, we can choose an element of each element of the set .
Axiom of choice is more famous than other axioms and axiom schemas because it implies multiple results that are inconsistent with our intuition. However, because axiom of choice makes it easier to develop many theories, and the content of axiom of choice itself does not deviate much from intuition, the axiom of choice is usually accepted. We will discuss axiom of choice in more detail later. Well, thanks for reading.
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